tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-81005033709842956952024-03-21T05:34:30.529-07:00Joe Thacker's Forest and Rail BlogJoe Thackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08314503086093754754noreply@blogger.comBlogger35125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8100503370984295695.post-29398017822456677122012-09-09T17:16:00.000-07:002012-09-09T17:16:59.962-07:00Appalachain Timber Services-Sutton, West VirginiaOur second trip on Thursday was to Appalachian Timber Services in Sutton, West Virginia. They primarily make railroad ties, wooden bridge timbers and mine timber systems. Their largest railroad tie buyer is the <a href="http://www.newyorkpass.com/subway-metrocard.aspx?aid=5&gclid=CPSE9pjdqbICFchgTAod0lgAag" target="_blank">New York City Metro</a>. Their mine timber supports are patented systems using technology originally pioneered in South Africa.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="240" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-VT-hCJY63Ts/UEkGYKhZNYI/AAAAAAAADp8/RJHwIz_S-gI/s320/20120906_134119.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Timbers that are already kiln dried and milled arrive at Appalachian<br />Timber Services. They are then graded and sent on for processing.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="240" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-nFWUEv0gfT4/UEkHcZ0nS8I/AAAAAAAADq8/z3-E5aNINK4/s320/20120906_134507.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">One of the problems with natural wood is it splits as it continues<br />to dry over time. To control the the splitting, the stack of blades<br />pictured above cut slits the length of the railroad timber.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="240" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-mLf3xsHBnJw/UEkHhsAYbWI/AAAAAAAADrE/qdR5NbG_4P8/s320/20120906_134515.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Timbers then have metal screens tacked over the ends to further<br />prevent and control splitting. From here the timbers go into a chemical<br />bath that pressure treats the timbers to prevent rot and decay.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="240" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/--YAAgu5SfPQ/UEkHu-GgE9I/AAAAAAAADrc/rYDP_FXmjpQ/s320/20120906_142343.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Here workers custom shape a timber for a bridge replacement project.<br />Saws and knifes are used to mortise the timber to exact specifications.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />Joe Thackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08314503086093754754noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8100503370984295695.post-4101437413846807752012-09-09T16:48:00.000-07:002012-09-09T16:48:22.880-07:00Wood Products Follow Up-Weyerhaeuser OSB PlantIn the words of the immortal Joliet Jake Blues, "we're getting the band back together." We may have been on a mission from God, but we definitely were almost in heaven, in West Virginia! And heaven would be my description of our dining experience at <a href="http://www.cafeciminocountryinn.com/restaurant/about-cafe-cimino.htm" target="_blank">Cafe Cimino</a>. Steve, Dennis, Karen and Annette outdid themselves with our meal and the overall dining experience with my traveling friends.<br />
<br />
First we traveled to the <a href="http://www.woodbywy.com/floors/f_edgegold_panels.aspx" target="_blank">Weyerhaeuser OSB Plant</a> in Heaters, West Virginia on Thursday.<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="240" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-G2znBt05YFU/UEj510SZdeI/AAAAAAAADh8/4IIaAzEeYDg/s320/20120906_095851.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Heaters plant accepts the tree tops and other undersized<br />
trees that otherwise would be waste that is left in the forest.<br />
<br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><img height="240" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-T45cW0GTikk/UEj-Z43hgoI/AAAAAAAADis/Gj_uLlkhfs4/s320/20120906_100740.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption">Trees are washed, debarked, dried and then enter a cylinder that strands<br />
them. Stranding is the process of cutting the wood up into strands <br />
pieces that are 5-7 inches long.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="240" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-tbMzFuk1kLI/UEkBWfKHyxI/AAAAAAAADkk/EVDPafjDDa4/s320/20120906_101922.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The strands then come together in mats. The mats are layered,<br />
7 inches here for a OSB board that will be 23/32 thick. The process<br />
involves using glue, heat and pressure to compress the strands<br />
and create a product that is similar to plywood in its strength.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="240" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-I4cbFwvb-J8/UEkCc2No1VI/AAAAAAAADl8/GdcMn8_YvLw/s320/20120906_102236.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Every step of the process is monitored by highly trained workers.<br />
Here we see an employee monitoring the OSB boards as they are<br />
pressed to the desired thickness.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="240" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-2vfx6b4hOIg/UEkDgvCA1pI/AAAAAAAADnE/7vXMCOLzSF4/s320/20120906_103240.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Freshly compressed OSB, ready to be cut into 4x8 sheets.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="320" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-tIxFoeh49Qg/UEkD8CoIWjI/AAAAAAAADnU/eYN8XfoAchs/s320/20120906_103321.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="240" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The finished product ready for transport.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
</div>
Joe Thackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08314503086093754754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8100503370984295695.post-28054888544113231432012-07-22T17:48:00.001-07:002012-07-22T17:48:21.486-07:00Water Quality Analyis on the Greenbrier River<br />
<div style="clear: left; float: left; font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Water quality was tested on the Greenbrier River three different times on our trip (results below). At the beginning of the river where the Kanawha's backwater enters the river, the overall water quality was 65.53. This would be a a medium or average reading on the water quality scale. </span><span style="font-size: small;">Water
supplies achieving only an average rating generally have less diversity of aquatic organisms
and frequently have increased algae growth. It was raining the day we did this test. Do you believe this may have had an effect on our results?</span></div>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-sG0UU8oGhIs/UAjOPtEkkiI/AAAAAAAAC4A/6OjXD7s__Ss/s1600/20120719_124528.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-sG0UU8oGhIs/UAjOPtEkkiI/AAAAAAAAC4A/6OjXD7s__Ss/s320/20120719_124528.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Members of our group sampling at Durbin.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;">The middle location we checked was at Durbin. We found the overall water quality to be 74.085. This falls into the good category on the scale. </span><span style="font-size: small;">Water supplies with ratings falling in the good or excellent range would able to
support a high diversity of aquatic life. In addition, the water would also be suitable
for all forms of recreation, including those involving direct contact with the water. </span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;">The end location for our analysis on the river was at Cass. We found the water quality here to be 49.97. This is in the fair category of the scale. </span><span style="font-size: small;">Water supplies that fall
into the poor category may only be able to support a limited number of aquatic life forms.</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img class="goog-icon-list-icon-img" height="240" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-yXP45hMRVOg/UAgAc2xQb8I/AAAAAAAACY4/cHeXZh5fWyo/s320/20120718_104720.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Brian calibrating our instruments prior to performing water analysis.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img class="goog-icon-list-icon-img" height="320" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-kSIfIk9Ajzs/UAgAo4X09qI/AAAAAAAACZI/bloltI-MYV0/s320/20120718_105016.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="240" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Greenbrier River at Cass.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-family: arial,verdana;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">While I would expect and did see various forms of life ranging from fish, snakes and crayfish, there are sections that lead me to believe their are contaminants entering the water source. What types of contaminants do you think may be present? </span></span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-family: arial,verdana;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></span>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 909px;"><colgroup><col style="mso-width-alt: 7899; mso-width-source: userset; width: 162pt;" width="216"></col>
<col span="5" style="mso-width-alt: 4388; mso-width-source: userset; width: 90pt;" width="120"></col>
<col style="mso-width-alt: 3401; mso-width-source: userset; width: 70pt;" width="93"></col>
</colgroup><tbody>
<tr height="31" style="height: 23.25pt;">
<td class="xl73" colspan="5" height="31" style="height: 23.25pt; width: 522pt;" width="696">Water Quality</td>
<td style="width: 90pt;" width="120"><br /></td>
<td style="width: 70pt;" width="93"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;">
<td class="xl65" height="21" style="height: 15.75pt; width: 162pt;" width="216">Test</td>
<td class="xl65" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">Sample</td>
<td class="xl65" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">Q-Value</td>
<td class="xl65" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">Weight</td>
<td class="xl65" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">Total Q-Value</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td class="xl66" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt; width: 162pt;" width="216">DO
(actual)</td>
<td class="xl67" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">5.37</td>
<td class="xl68" style="width: 90pt;" width="120"> </td>
<td class="xl68" style="width: 90pt;" width="120"> </td>
<td class="xl68" style="width: 90pt;" width="120"> </td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td class="xl66" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt; width: 162pt;" width="216">Saturated
DO reading from chart</td>
<td class="xl67" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">7.67</td>
<td class="xl68" style="width: 90pt;" width="120"> </td>
<td class="xl68" style="width: 90pt;" width="120"> </td>
<td class="xl68" style="width: 90pt;" width="120"> </td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td class="xl66" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt; width: 162pt;" width="216">DO (%
saturation)</td>
<td class="xl69" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">70.01</td>
<td class="xl67" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">75</td>
<td class="xl67" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">0.32</td>
<td class="xl67" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">24</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td class="xl66" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt; width: 162pt;" width="216">Temperature
Celsius)</td>
<td class="xl67" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">26.46</td>
<td class="xl67" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">15</td>
<td class="xl67" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">0.19</td>
<td class="xl67" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">2.85</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td class="xl66" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt; width: 162pt;" width="216">TDS
(actual)</td>
<td class="xl67" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">114.54</td>
<td class="xl67" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">85</td>
<td class="xl67" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">0.13</td>
<td class="xl67" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">11.05</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td class="xl66" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt; width: 162pt;" width="216">Turbidity
(actual)</td>
<td class="xl67" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">17.23</td>
<td class="xl67" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">61</td>
<td class="xl67" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">0.15</td>
<td class="xl67" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">9.15</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td class="xl66" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt; width: 162pt;" width="216">pH(actual)</td>
<td class="xl67" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">7</td>
<td class="xl67" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">88</td>
<td class="xl67" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">0.21</td>
<td class="xl67" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">18.48</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt; width: 162pt;" width="216"> </td>
<td class="xl70" style="width: 90pt;" width="120"> </td>
<td class="xl70" style="width: 90pt;" width="120"> </td>
<td class="xl70" style="width: 90pt;" width="120"> </td>
<td class="xl70" style="width: 90pt;" width="120"> </td>
<td class="xl71" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">Date:</td>
<td align="right" class="xl72" style="width: 70pt;" width="93">7/21/2012</td>
</tr>
<tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="21" style="height: 15.75pt; width: 162pt;" width="216"> </td>
<td class="xl70" style="width: 90pt;" width="120"> </td>
<td class="xl74" colspan="2" style="width: 180pt;" width="240">Overall Quality</td>
<td class="xl67" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">65.53</td>
<td class="xl71" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">Location:</td>
<td class="xl66" style="width: 70pt;" width="93">Lewisburg</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="31" style="height: 23.25pt;">
<td class="xl73" colspan="5" height="31" style="font-family: inherit; height: 23.25pt; width: 522pt;" width="696"><span style="font-size: small;">Water Quality</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;">
<td class="xl65" height="21" style="font-family: inherit; height: 15.75pt; width: 162pt;" width="216"><span style="font-size: small;">Test</span></td>
<td class="xl65" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">Sample</span></td>
<td class="xl65" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">Q-Value</span></td>
<td class="xl65" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">Weight</span></td>
<td class="xl65" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">Total Q-Value</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td class="xl66" height="17" style="font-family: inherit; height: 12.75pt; width: 162pt;" width="216"><span style="font-size: small;">DO
(actual)</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">6.7</span></td>
<td class="xl68" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></td>
<td class="xl68" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></td>
<td class="xl68" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td class="xl66" height="17" style="font-family: inherit; height: 12.75pt; width: 162pt;" width="216"><span style="font-size: small;">Saturated
DO reading from chart</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">7.22</span></td>
<td class="xl68" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></td>
<td class="xl68" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></td>
<td class="xl68" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td class="xl66" height="17" style="font-family: inherit; height: 12.75pt; width: 162pt;" width="216"><span style="font-size: small;">DO (%
saturation)</span></td>
<td class="xl69" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">92.80</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">97</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">0.32</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">31.04</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td class="xl66" height="17" style="font-family: inherit; height: 12.75pt; width: 162pt;" width="216"><span style="font-size: small;">Temperature
Celsius)</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">27.5</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">12.5</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">0.19</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">2.375</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td class="xl66" height="17" style="font-family: inherit; height: 12.75pt; width: 162pt;" width="216"><span style="font-size: small;">TDS
(actual)</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">59.3</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">89</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">0.13</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">11.57</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td class="xl66" height="17" style="font-family: inherit; height: 12.75pt; width: 162pt;" width="216"><span style="font-size: small;">Turbidity
(actual)</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">20.5</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">61</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">0.15</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">9.15</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td class="xl66" height="17" style="font-family: inherit; height: 12.75pt; width: 162pt;" width="216"><span style="font-size: small;">pH(actual)</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">7.4</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">95</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">0.21</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">19.95</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="17" style="font-family: inherit; height: 12.75pt; width: 162pt;" width="216"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">Date:</td>
<td align="right" class="xl72" style="width: 70pt;" width="93">7/19/2012</td>
</tr>
<tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="21" style="font-family: inherit; height: 15.75pt; width: 162pt;" width="216"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></td>
<td class="xl74" colspan="2" style="font-family: inherit; width: 180pt;" width="240"><span style="font-size: small;">Overall Quality</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">74.085</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">Location:</td>
<td class="xl66" style="width: 70pt;" width="93">Durbin</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td height="17" style="font-family: inherit; height: 12.75pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></td>
<td style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></td>
<td style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></td>
<td style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></td>
<td style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td height="17" style="font-family: inherit; height: 12.75pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></td>
<td style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></td>
<td style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></td>
<td style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></td>
<td style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="31" style="height: 23.25pt;">
<td class="xl73" colspan="5" height="31" style="font-family: inherit; height: 23.25pt; width: 522pt;" width="696"><span style="font-size: small;">Water Quality</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;">
<td class="xl65" height="21" style="font-family: inherit; height: 15.75pt; width: 162pt;" width="216"><span style="font-size: small;">Test</span></td>
<td class="xl65" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">Sample</span></td>
<td class="xl65" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">Q-Value</span></td>
<td class="xl65" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">Weight</span></td>
<td class="xl65" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">Total Q-Value</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td class="xl66" height="17" style="font-family: inherit; height: 12.75pt; width: 162pt;" width="216"><span style="font-size: small;">DO
(actual)</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">5.3</span></td>
<td class="xl68" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></td>
<td class="xl68" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></td>
<td class="xl68" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td class="xl66" height="17" style="font-family: inherit; height: 12.75pt; width: 162pt;" width="216"><span style="font-size: small;">Saturated
DO reading from chart</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">7.2</span></td>
<td class="xl68" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></td>
<td class="xl68" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></td>
<td class="xl68" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td class="xl66" height="17" style="font-family: inherit; height: 12.75pt; width: 162pt;" width="216"><span style="font-size: small;">DO (%
saturation)</span></td>
<td class="xl69" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">73.61</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">29</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">0.32</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">9.28</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td class="xl66" height="17" style="font-family: inherit; height: 12.75pt; width: 162pt;" width="216"><span style="font-size: small;">Temperature
Celsius)</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">26.1</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">15</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">0.19</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">2.85</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td class="xl66" height="17" style="font-family: inherit; height: 12.75pt; width: 162pt;" width="216"><span style="font-size: small;">TDS
(actual)</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">81</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">88</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">0.13</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">11.44</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td class="xl66" height="17" style="font-family: inherit; height: 12.75pt; width: 162pt;" width="216"><span style="font-size: small;">Turbidity
(actual)</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">11.2</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">78</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">0.15</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">11.7</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td class="xl66" height="17" style="font-family: inherit; height: 12.75pt; width: 162pt;" width="216"><span style="font-size: small;">pH(actual)</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">6.38</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">70</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">0.21</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">14.7</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="17" style="font-family: inherit; height: 12.75pt; width: 162pt;" width="216"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">Date:</td>
<td align="right" class="xl72" style="width: 70pt;" width="93">7/18/2012</td>
</tr>
<tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="21" style="font-family: inherit; height: 15.75pt; width: 162pt;" width="216"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></td>
<td class="xl74" colspan="2" style="font-family: inherit; width: 180pt;" width="240"><span style="font-size: small;">Overall Quality</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="font-family: inherit; width: 90pt;" width="120"><span style="font-size: small;">49.97</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">Location:</td>
<td class="xl66" style="width: 70pt;" width="93">Cass</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<br /></div>Joe Thackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08314503086093754754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8100503370984295695.post-83981647724501487842012-07-22T17:15:00.002-07:002012-08-05T18:47:04.089-07:00C & O Railway Heritage Center- Clifton Forge, Virginia<br />
<div style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<a href="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-tR90ghPCzkg/UAli_4fUzTI/AAAAAAAADMg/AboaYsiw4dM/s1600/20120720_095232.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" class="goog-icon-list-icon-img" height="240" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-tR90ghPCzkg/UAli_4fUzTI/AAAAAAAADMg/AboaYsiw4dM/s320/20120720_095232.jpg" width="320" /></a> We finished our trip on Friday with a visit to the<a href="http://www.candoheritage.org/" target="_blank"> C & O Railway Heritage Center</a> in Clifton Forge, Virginia. Our trip was an up close look at the history of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway and its history from its beginnings as a part of the James River Company to its modern day existence as part of <a href="http://www.csx.com/" target="_blank">CSX</a>. Being that George Washington was the former President of the James River Company, C & O is considered to be George Washington's Railroad.</div>
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<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="C&O Railway Heritage Center" class="imgright" height="212" src="http://www.candoheritage.org/images/slide_show/48.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The newly restored JD Cabin. This is where the trains in the yard were controlled. Why would it be important to have a high vantage point?</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img class="goog-icon-list-icon-img" height="240" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-LBcXgE0ulN8/UAlxOLwcv1I/AAAAAAAADPI/k8976DOIKTE/s320/20120720_104302.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tom Hefner was our tour-guide for the day. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="92" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-Gn-rczG_AQs/UAl4rjyMZzI/AAAAAAAADQw/x2QWUnz4uLQ/s320/20120720_111245.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /><img height="150" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-ZyFhN2f06Jk/UAl_n-AcXvI/AAAAAAAADSc/YahT5ytP_FQ/s200/20120720_112051.jpg" width="200" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This is the 614, a 4-8-4 locomotive built by the <a href="http://limalocomotiveworks.com/" target="_blank">Lima Locomotive Works</a>. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img class="goog-icon-list-icon-img" height="320" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-AMwZffjUNas/UAl8vrAKc5I/AAAAAAAADRw/fH5Q0MtqBE4/s320/20120720_111542.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="240" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The 614 was repainted as the Presidential Express for display at the<a href="http://www.greenbrier.com/" target="_blank"> Greenbrier Resort </a>in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. Notice the distinctive Lima red diamond emblem on the engine.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img class="goog-icon-list-icon-img" height="89" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-fPQM3UnkCIY/UAl_-2526rI/AAAAAAAADSk/RLpqqqtUHyI/s320/20120720_112359.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Notice the wheels and how they are powered on the 614. How are they different than those we saw on the gear-driven Shays and Climax? Why would these be different?</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img class="goog-icon-list-icon-img" height="240" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/--bGqhlcBKC4/UAmCgC1jeVI/AAAAAAAADTI/FqkCvVqMyUI/s320/20120720_113909.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This is the Gadsby's Tavern dinning car. It was a part of the famed George Washington Route that ran from Washington, D.C. to Cincinnati, Ohio. It was one of the first two trains to be air conditioned. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img class="goog-icon-list-icon-img" height="320" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-ZNpEIcWFxYw/UAmHIx4kS2I/AAAAAAAADUA/Pzp-eYuAE4A/s320/20120720_114645.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="240" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This is the inside of the Gadsby's Tavern dinning car. We had the privilege of eating our lunches in the dinning car!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img class="goog-icon-list-icon-img" height="320" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-9Vk4cRac7oQ/UAmPMog6X9I/AAAAAAAADVQ/zvHje1yyFVU/s320/20120720_115936.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="240" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This is a hand-powered cycle to inspect sections of the railway. We were told this particular car was ridden each day to survey an 84 mile section of railway. The operator would pump the handle back and forth to propel the cycle. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img class="goog-icon-list-icon-img" height="320" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-NvOXL1utL2k/UAmY7l2a56I/AAAAAAAADWg/Ovl6bA1Lpwo/s320/20120720_134000.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="240" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">We traveled over 200 miles to find out about the founder and namesake of Huntington, West Virgina, Collis P. Huntington. Huntington was the president of the C & O Railroad when Huntington, WV was founded.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>Joe Thackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08314503086093754754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8100503370984295695.post-9691556281047530142012-07-22T16:17:00.001-07:002012-07-22T16:17:29.491-07:00The Durbin Rocket-Durbin, West Virginia<a href="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-_lVNISTJrpg/UAjQ4CBnNWI/AAAAAAAAC6g/mMwxhgsPVjg/s1600/20120719_133820.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" class="goog-icon-list-icon-img" height="240" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-_lVNISTJrpg/UAjQ4CBnNWI/AAAAAAAAC6g/mMwxhgsPVjg/s320/20120719_133820.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="http://mountainrailwv.com/" target="_blank">The Durbin Rocket</a> is a Climax steam locomotive running out of Durbin, West Virginia. It is part of the Durbin & Greenbrier Valley Railroad.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="240" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-VzrUFYfoRaE/UAjM95U7XYI/AAAAAAAAC3A/i59AKJwe_zQ/s320/20120719_123753.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This is the 55-ton number 3, originally built in 1910 for the Moore-Keppel Lumber Co. in nearby Randolph County. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="320" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-pqvCx03T87I/UAjZqz2U2OI/AAAAAAAADEI/vaRHQmUTjeY/s320/20120719_154050.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="240" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The number 3 is a Climax, gear-driven engine designed by the <a href="http://www.climaxlocomotives.com/history/" target="_blank">Climax Manufacturing Company of Corry, Pennsylvania</a>.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img class="goog-icon-list-icon-img" height="240" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-mKiMDPPcD9c/UAjNJguHJEI/AAAAAAAAC3I/L0eZUMSBdps/s320/20120719_123809.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Climax, like the Shay and Heisler, is a gear-driven locomotive. As you can see in these pictures, the Climax has a massive piston on either side of the boiler in a horizontal position. How is this different than the Shay? Can you think of any advantages or disadvantages of this design over the Shay?</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="219" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-RD6Q3MFwlZY/UAjZB8CszLI/AAAAAAAADDY/meotkfdqz5E/s640/20120719_153254.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="640" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Durbin Rocket's path parallels that of the Greenbrier River.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="320" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-nlhO5BW8KvQ/UAjbYwcX0MI/AAAAAAAADGI/RM6ZHPXlKY4/s320/20120719_160446.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="240" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A traveling option on the Rocket is a 1920's caboose. </td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img class="goog-icon-list-icon-img" height="240" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-Yar60e0j9NY/UAjQUpUO9BI/AAAAAAAAC5w/bJLRoWCW3nk/s320/20120719_133617.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Another unique option at Durbin is the availability of caboose that are sleeper cars. These can be rented and are left at various positions on the trains route. Just in case you were wondering, the plural of caboose is caboose!</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img class="goog-icon-list-icon-img" height="240" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-SdI_6LH1nGM/UAjQfMg0-UI/AAAAAAAAC6A/Z9_3oJsliNg/s320/20120719_133650.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This is the inside of the caboose above, ready for camping!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>Joe Thackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08314503086093754754noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8100503370984295695.post-35931319449854504352012-07-22T10:52:00.002-07:002012-07-22T10:52:51.251-07:00Gaudineer Knob<br />
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<img height="320" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-30aEJLlJCQ8/UAjIXjLSGQI/AAAAAAAACzY/dQ7Sm4z75s8/s320/20120719_095544.jpg" width="240" /></div>
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<a href="http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/2092" target="_blank">Gaudineer Knob</a> is a virgin spruce forest on Cheat Mountain in Randolph and Pocahontas counties in West Virginia. It is one of only two virgin forests in West Virginia, the other being Cathedral State Park. Gaudineer Knob is the result of a surveying error and was later incorporated into the <a href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/mnf/" target="_blank">Monongahela National Forest</a>. One of the things we noticed was that this forest contained several species of trees not just red spruce. There were many varieties of birch, oak and other trees present. This was a vibrant forest where the flora and fauna is quite diverse.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEig76vwB5yVTjh1IrbdvC7XslXCH9sEleSmDquJmhC6i1dAOB-saP0XIikOoRbkmh2EbH5MaBpgl3ilZsGcGPF970CBHmAt4_EpAFkAdvAth0quMUQT8oWEI838iihzGXQzk02wwm2MFzp-/s1600/20120719_094736.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEig76vwB5yVTjh1IrbdvC7XslXCH9sEleSmDquJmhC6i1dAOB-saP0XIikOoRbkmh2EbH5MaBpgl3ilZsGcGPF970CBHmAt4_EpAFkAdvAth0quMUQT8oWEI838iihzGXQzk02wwm2MFzp-/s320/20120719_094736.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiipziQ1WcGVtpOcnkXr58Iqf2LYtXVvYlh6S8LfaqnzoyD8Q-ikjboL_GV0_9oh3Znv3Ou2qyIrFm2rH-1OxHxsMaIOCR7hfvNQ2D8W0PW1sO7cJYb47Zo2RTM1FohCRkp2koAL328hRB1/s1600/20120719_091744.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiipziQ1WcGVtpOcnkXr58Iqf2LYtXVvYlh6S8LfaqnzoyD8Q-ikjboL_GV0_9oh3Znv3Ou2qyIrFm2rH-1OxHxsMaIOCR7hfvNQ2D8W0PW1sO7cJYb47Zo2RTM1FohCRkp2koAL328hRB1/s320/20120719_091744.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">We started our visit to Gaudineer with Steve discussing what we expected to experience in this virgin forest. Having visited Cathedral, a virgin hemlock forest, gave us a reference point. We had also visited Bald Knob, a second or third growth red spruce forest. </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh58qjFhUE3j_ZoWw12na55rmfuw-cnJm23zK91nch-c9i9SeRmAzKU199qrxW7r5r6AG40pbFiyvD9EjT145kMjZyBh6dOcmrzmelWrpabwuv_qLw1OTQ29fgUKYU-1twgMphDbS40M2FI/s1600/20120719_121206.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh58qjFhUE3j_ZoWw12na55rmfuw-cnJm23zK91nch-c9i9SeRmAzKU199qrxW7r5r6AG40pbFiyvD9EjT145kMjZyBh6dOcmrzmelWrpabwuv_qLw1OTQ29fgUKYU-1twgMphDbS40M2FI/s320/20120719_121206.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">One of the first things we noticed at Gaudineer is the amount of moss, fungi, lichens and other organisms that live in moist environments. As you can see here, moss covered the ground like a carpet in many ares.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdb1NkhErQ4PuxlqxPecOG9y7VO2EalVxILs5khlCv-cbVWmHr_Gl1jV8HtI_m-vnvdNe7Vdx1hcsP_ZQoRlz2Tr1bAFMA1y_oGdhaiP2zRKnsW60F8ZZdI12LhHf6TdM98oxcaAKwk7Gm/s1600/20120719_101048.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdb1NkhErQ4PuxlqxPecOG9y7VO2EalVxILs5khlCv-cbVWmHr_Gl1jV8HtI_m-vnvdNe7Vdx1hcsP_ZQoRlz2Tr1bAFMA1y_oGdhaiP2zRKnsW60F8ZZdI12LhHf6TdM98oxcaAKwk7Gm/s320/20120719_101048.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">One of the things that surprised me about this forest was the number of trees that had fallen in the forest and how shallow their root balls were. This is caused by the proximity of bedrock to the surface. Many small saplings grew from rocks. Above you can see how the rocks are incorporated into the root balls.</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-GZMf7zrIUf8xESuijQ8hY-k2AmbIHUx42hQB_qvmyn9ahsQ54Ggqrr5UjsucEHolP6KBiCoSFIASAZYk38J-kdP9VcbcuuaZr_cpOQ1Ty-__WlaCKDDOTN4IfN8TG7R-asOZl5oENT8B/s1600/20120719_100313.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-GZMf7zrIUf8xESuijQ8hY-k2AmbIHUx42hQB_qvmyn9ahsQ54Ggqrr5UjsucEHolP6KBiCoSFIASAZYk38J-kdP9VcbcuuaZr_cpOQ1Ty-__WlaCKDDOTN4IfN8TG7R-asOZl5oENT8B/s320/20120719_100313.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ferns were ubiquitous in the forest.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6QZtFs50tKh5rLBsyTBSkQiAPaHkcYBB_pI7Iab7EJjNm3CmYXFzhnOO0R5Grtzfva-9nOTsLzwAqei7VeZrr57r-OSX6BR-ClzYlCgmAgdPtfSbuDlK2tCLBfLbWPGOijFcISnFq_GSR/s1600/20120719_100818.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6QZtFs50tKh5rLBsyTBSkQiAPaHkcYBB_pI7Iab7EJjNm3CmYXFzhnOO0R5Grtzfva-9nOTsLzwAqei7VeZrr57r-OSX6BR-ClzYlCgmAgdPtfSbuDlK2tCLBfLbWPGOijFcISnFq_GSR/s320/20120719_100818.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fungi and Lichens growing on the side of a tree.</td></tr>
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<br />Joe Thackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08314503086093754754noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8100503370984295695.post-4276163004902222532012-07-22T10:19:00.000-07:002012-07-22T10:19:01.476-07:00Cass Senic Rail Road- Cass West Virginia<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
We traveled to the<a href="http://www.cassrailroad.com/" target="_blank"> Cass Scenic Railroad</a> today for the 11 mile trip back to Bald Knob. Along the way we saw some breath taking views of mountains and wildlife. We were privileged to be transported there via the number 11 Shay locomotive.
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCVfyDZhyphenhyphenpR6RbsK2GqvW6zmvTnA8bMV1THIPD6d0HYcQrC_L5UaqWGOIahRGy9SBOzm8C8qlLmEVGDM7bHeuFSxXY1cD6hnpnzzuQqL8S5-9wnE_3kVqog0dF9OCxkbNVqXhYF2Ug-Epx/s1600/20120718_124352.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCVfyDZhyphenhyphenpR6RbsK2GqvW6zmvTnA8bMV1THIPD6d0HYcQrC_L5UaqWGOIahRGy9SBOzm8C8qlLmEVGDM7bHeuFSxXY1cD6hnpnzzuQqL8S5-9wnE_3kVqog0dF9OCxkbNVqXhYF2Ug-Epx/s320/20120718_124352.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">11 Shay Engine<br />
The Shay is a geared locomotive. The gear driven locomotives<br />
were necessary to traverse West Virginia's mountainous terrain.<br />
It was the Shay and other gear driven locomotives that enabled<br />
the logging of West Virginia's virgin timber starting in the early<br />
1900's. The 11 took us from Cass to Bald Knob. Along the we we<br />
experienced breathtaking views of Cheat Mountain,<a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1360545549"> </a><br />
<a href="http://www.nrao.edu/" target="_blank">The National Radio Astronomy Observatory </a>and forests for miles in all directions.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbSb3OJIo1GDjwfj_iUFsDzlQT7rD2gvlXoVrU2DHCAgg4_HjLQ6ljidEi41xb4xQvTZtEPhWG6apTs5Kz6f7trt_A03UrZqxEjwzf9_J-4UoPNk-_bIco0QQ4xvFZgOvdtdPCqLvprLAL/s1600/20120718_124558.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbSb3OJIo1GDjwfj_iUFsDzlQT7rD2gvlXoVrU2DHCAgg4_HjLQ6ljidEi41xb4xQvTZtEPhWG6apTs5Kz6f7trt_A03UrZqxEjwzf9_J-4UoPNk-_bIco0QQ4xvFZgOvdtdPCqLvprLAL/s320/20120718_124558.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">These are the mighty pistons that transfer the<br />
Shays power to the gears and eventually the wheels.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1jgfCm974DcGDuNzFtT7EEJqCZW-zuxSyLBcViVfmyxeJ0nzxosRYw0s3u5lYKfZ0aFhd9OopTzjiKD-yXuDIvxDCSdwsVmTUC_ihRxoXd5IjOITR5ImSNdCKlULu5FW_XG3-P-QNRltQ/s1600/20120718_124544.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1jgfCm974DcGDuNzFtT7EEJqCZW-zuxSyLBcViVfmyxeJ0nzxosRYw0s3u5lYKfZ0aFhd9OopTzjiKD-yXuDIvxDCSdwsVmTUC_ihRxoXd5IjOITR5ImSNdCKlULu5FW_XG3-P-QNRltQ/s320/20120718_124544.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The gears that drive the train. Each truck has gears that drive<br />
the engine making it all wheel drive.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqAWQRoUBMkyy0f1jZDj5lA7DqXhu6lSXStwqGsUpFwJBChI2ygS-uvIO7UYXlaw9rhzsKoyE0UuOqP-GUmNv_hBxNVkHyAnkS0MvXoukiTY8euKzko5YBVUVoD0svI5cY_o89qeJ99jC2/s1600/20120718_124947.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqAWQRoUBMkyy0f1jZDj5lA7DqXhu6lSXStwqGsUpFwJBChI2ygS-uvIO7UYXlaw9rhzsKoyE0UuOqP-GUmNv_hBxNVkHyAnkS0MvXoukiTY8euKzko5YBVUVoD0svI5cY_o89qeJ99jC2/s320/20120718_124947.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">While trains and logging sound like masculine<br />
jobs, that is not always true. The Bald Knob<br />
fireman is actually a woman. She shovels coal into<br />
the firebox to fire the engine. When the train is<br />
climbing the mountain she will place a shovel of<br />
coal in the firebox every 30 seconds. She shoveled<br />
over 3 tons of coal during our trip alone!</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="320" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-Jfb1RMLHrus/UAi1nLdIGpI/AAAAAAAACgE/Xp6VJE1XfJs/s320/20120718_122814.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="240" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The result of using a coal fired engine to power<br />
the train are the by-products of burning, including<br />
smoke and small cinders. Sitting too close behind<br />
the engine will result in the seed sized cinders<br />
pelting you. Keep in mind that coal power was<br />
a technological advancement over wood. While<br />
it would be replaced by diesel engines and today's<br />
modern diesel-electric engines, but it was the best<br />
technology of the day. Coal was readily available,<br />
especially in West Virginia.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="240" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-LZSS4qYO1_M/UAjBe4At9OI/AAAAAAAACso/ZjHRT7BTdtU/s320/20120718_142249.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">From Bald Knob you can see into two states. At center you can make out the Observatory (white dish). Bald Knob is 4,842 feet above ground level. </td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> </td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> </td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> </td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> </td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> </td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> </td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="320" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-VNtHnPJ6aW4/UAjCAzdvraI/AAAAAAAACtQ/Htcn4uPZYEQ/s320/20120718_142720.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="240" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bald Knob was given its name because of clear-cutting that took place there in the late 1800's and early 1900's. It was replanted with red spruce trees. The elevation is perfect for the spruce forest to grow.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="320" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-afT06g7EuLg/UAjD7gLerrI/AAAAAAAACu0/c8t-XJZASwg/s320/20120718_143610.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="240" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Because the red spruce trees were planted very close together, the canopy of the trees blocks most all sunlight from reaching the ground. As you can see, there is no vegetation at ground level. What do you think that means about wildlife in this spruce forest?</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="240" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-D0F368NlDfs/UAjEQk0fyJI/AAAAAAAACvI/9VZkmHklIVE/s320/20120718_143717.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The canopy of the spruce forest only allows a little sunlight to penetrate to the forest floor.</td></tr>
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<br />Joe Thackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08314503086093754754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8100503370984295695.post-23508991820500987452012-07-17T13:18:00.000-07:002012-07-17T13:18:03.349-07:00Symbiotic Relationship of Wood Products Production in the Elkins-Beverly AreaOne of the things that has really struck me as we have visited pellet mills, small wood mill operations and larger industrial mills is that each of them works in compliment with the others. They also each work to minimize any waste of wood. Wood that isn't suitable for finishing or using as framing lumber is turned into sawdust and is used either to fire kilns or is turned into pellets for retail sale.<br />
Each of he plants we visited was in one way or another tied to the others. Its a symbiotic relationship in that each works with and is complimentary to the others. This was a surprise to me as I expected to see competition toward the other plants. It appears that each has developed its own niche and works to maximize that market.Joe Thackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08314503086093754754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8100503370984295695.post-83708951317650165532012-07-17T13:00:00.000-07:002012-07-17T13:03:00.634-07:00Finished Lumber Products-Beverly West VirginiaToday we toured two companies that end the process of manufacturing the we started yesterday. We started the day at <a href="http://www.colonialmillwork.com/" target="_blank">Colonial Millwork</a> and then toured the plant for <a href="http://www.armstrong.com/" target="_blank">Armstrong Flooring</a>, both in Beverly, West Virginia. Both factories proved to be technological with the uses of computers, lasers and automated processes. But, every piece of lumber is touched by human hands at each step in the process of producing wood products. It is still the human eye that selects, grades and does quality checks on each piece of wood from rough state through finished product.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="150" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-4nbNXPd3PYM/UAVjScxkXnI/AAAAAAAACBc/YmZffW3Mu4M/s200/20120717_085934.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="200" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lumber ready to be processed.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="150" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/--yShKMfAg2Y/UAV63oK3KwI/AAAAAAAACEY/Y1a_eRSQpfE/s200/20120717_092711.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="200" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wood that is not suitable for finishing<br />
is turned into sawdust and then either used<br />
to heat kilns or sold to other companies<br />
for use in products such as Hamer's Hot Ones.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="150" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-eJv6KJKycGQ/UAWAPZaBJUI/AAAAAAAACE4/AKnEmV_heUA/s200/20120717_093231.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="200" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">CNC machines router out what will become<br />
a counter support at Colonial.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="150" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/--O9tKrcoNEg/UAV87pTgL9I/AAAAAAAACEo/VkOjd28rjJk/s200/20120717_093121.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="200" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Our tour guide shows the bracket that was<br />
just cut by the CNC machine.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="200" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-InwkuvLhWEc/UAWI9CW1IQI/AAAAAAAACGc/pvAmgEZwzpw/s200/20120717_093949.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="150" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This is a cutting wheel with three<br />
knives to cut the profile of a piece<br />
of trim. This particular knife pattern<br />
will cut two pieces of quarter round.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="200" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-flpH33CUZC4/UAWXbItCXPI/AAAAAAAACIg/DuAJqQYA1PM/s200/20120717_100212.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="150" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">As the millwork is finished,<br />
UV light is used to bake the<br />
finish on quickly.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="200" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-H-VPL3wF8r0/UAWPDvqfWPI/AAAAAAAACHI/82MYwn8kI1E/s200/20120717_095528.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="150" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Finished wood ready for<br />packaging and selling.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="200" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-o41ZCUih-bo/UAWZ2-7PiKI/AAAAAAAACI4/cYqErhFy4Jk/s200/20120717_102423.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="150" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This is a picture showing the<br />
products that Colonial<br />
produces.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="200" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-joR7t5JBYyU/UAWSIw4TDFI/AAAAAAAACHg/pnVHqhq0Nkc/s200/20120717_100057.jpg" style="background-color: white; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="150" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">One of Colonial's customers<br />
is Armstrong. They produce<br />
some of the finished millwork<br />
that Armstrong uses to<br />
match and compliment its<br />
flooring such as baseboards<br />
and quarter round.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br />Joe Thackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08314503086093754754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8100503370984295695.post-24953492411002101972012-07-17T04:56:00.002-07:002012-07-17T04:56:12.044-07:00Wilson Wood Products, Elkins<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="150" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-9YUKHVhySM0/UARNUVF9eII/AAAAAAAAByg/Uk6HvXiJQzw/s200/20120716_131934.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="200" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><br /><img height="150" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-K8AOSk08eJM/UAROqqLjjuI/AAAAAAAAByw/LdnDc5eVTgY/s200/20120716_132544.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="200" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">We had a beautiful blue sky and<br />temperature in the 80's today that made it an<br />excellent day for our trip!<br /><br /><br /><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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Another trip we took today was to the <a href="http://www.wilsonlumber.com/" target="_blank">Frank Wilson Lumber Company</a> in Elkins, West Virginia. The<br />
Frank Wilson Lumber Company takes green lumber (wood that has been freshly cut or has not been dried in a kiln) and kiln dries it for further use as building materials. They also provide milling services and grading.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-xyxqV7IsZXg/UARm2RS0idI/AAAAAAAAB70/HWoX8xsybvM/s1600/20120716_150845.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-xyxqV7IsZXg/UARm2RS0idI/AAAAAAAAB70/HWoX8xsybvM/s200/20120716_150845.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lumber that is ready for shipment!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-lkQWEk6wfSI/UARQYbtie-I/AAAAAAAAB0E/TpvgJ53C4qM/s1600/20120716_133243.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-lkQWEk6wfSI/UARQYbtie-I/AAAAAAAAB0E/TpvgJ53C4qM/s200/20120716_133243.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wood planks ready to be planed and then<br />dried in a kiln.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-QraFFH3Yv2U/UARRXof69vI/AAAAAAAAB0U/WloIQUF1-MA/s1600/20120716_133713.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-QraFFH3Yv2U/UARRXof69vI/AAAAAAAAB0U/WloIQUF1-MA/s200/20120716_133713.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This is a tool that is used to determine<br />the thickness and width of boards.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-ta-UeMX8xNw/UARUNAv0BdI/AAAAAAAAB2M/EN5mOlHEBO4/s1600/20120716_134859.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-ta-UeMX8xNw/UARUNAv0BdI/AAAAAAAAB2M/EN5mOlHEBO4/s200/20120716_134859.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wood is loaded into the kiln.<br />Wood is placed on sticks to separate<br />it before it goes into the kiln. This allows<br />air flow between the boards so they<br />can dry more evenly. Depending on the<br />species of wood the drying process can<br />take less than two weeks or more than<br />three months!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-iW-6hzxC3W8/UARgjam7GVI/AAAAAAAAB6U/BWshMyTjiXI/s1600/20120716_144158.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-iW-6hzxC3W8/UARgjam7GVI/AAAAAAAAB6U/BWshMyTjiXI/s200/20120716_144158.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wood samples are weighed daily from<br />each kiln to monitor their water loss.<br />They bring the amount of moisture in each<br />piece of lumber down to around 6%.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-KXyFzK6ktOk/UARZfc2F6uI/AAAAAAAAB4A/0xKGEiTOmZU/s1600/20120716_141141.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-KXyFzK6ktOk/UARZfc2F6uI/AAAAAAAAB4A/0xKGEiTOmZU/s200/20120716_141141.jpg" width="150" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> Above the lumber is inspected and given<br />a quality grade prior to being sent for<br />stacking. Grade 1 and 2 lumber would<br />be used for furniture, flooring and<br />other finished products. Lumber that is<br />graded below these would be used in<br />applications such as framing and other<br />less noticeable uses.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>Joe Thackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08314503086093754754noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8100503370984295695.post-69227624368308523672012-07-16T14:06:00.000-07:002012-07-16T16:03:50.046-07:00Hamer Pellet Plant-ElkinsWe traveled to the <a href="http://www.jimchamer.com/" target="_blank">Hamer Lumber Companies</a> today to see their wood pellet operations. We were shown the operation by Cabell County native Jim Dearing. Mr. Dearing began by explaining how the Hamer Company got into the wood pellet business. They began because they needed to get rid of a waste product from lumber milling, wood chips and saw dust. After paying nearly $1,000,000,000 to remove a large pile of saw dust they began to explore options to use the wood dust. Their solution was to manufacture wood pellets. That is the basis of our tour today.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="200" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-4k3XvWQPklM/UAQIAiFW3AI/AAAAAAAABpQ/C4qE9Z7xgOc/s200/20120716_082355.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="150" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mr. Dearing</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="150" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-Hpw9XFA87C4/UAQJvvsoNOI/AAAAAAAABp4/umch2j6LMa8/s200/20120716_083040.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="200" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mr. Dearing explaining the history of Hamer<br />
wood pellets in Elkins</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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</div>
<div>
Hamer receives trucks of sawdust from saw mills and wood manufactures and creates a wood product they call <a href="http://www.hamerpellet.com/" target="_blank">Hamer's Hot Ones</a>. Those pellets are then sold to retail operations such as your big box home improvement stores and others that sell to owners of wood pellet stoves. The stoves are then used to heat consumer's homes.</div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="150" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-5IgUXmfqjec/UAQMGZXBQXI/AAAAAAAABq0/o8ZdmsY_7ag/s200/20120716_084058.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="200" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sawdust that has been unloaded and is ready for the drying process.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/--wvo9aM3MEQ/UAQKTBo88MI/AAAAAAAABqI/Qoc1BN6BDeo/s1600/20120716_083355.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/--wvo9aM3MEQ/UAQKTBo88MI/AAAAAAAABqI/Qoc1BN6BDeo/s200/20120716_083355.jpg" width="150" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The oven and tumbler used to remove<br />
moisture from the sawdust so it<br />
can be burned for fuel. Incidentally,<br />
the ovens are fueled by sawdust!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-ZIRr3WWXid4/UAQQt4zH4fI/AAAAAAAABsY/kp9ev4HEuCc/s1600/20120716_090107.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-ZIRr3WWXid4/UAQQt4zH4fI/AAAAAAAABsY/kp9ev4HEuCc/s200/20120716_090107.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This machine cuts the hot pellets extruded from the drying process</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="150" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-cKu5hJED_Jk/UAQQAUDP6iI/AAAAAAAABsI/AnVk3QZoD-A/s200/20120716_085807.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="200" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bags to be filled with the wood pellets</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="150" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-P5jBJzUqdiw/UAQRfXyYo2I/AAAAAAAABsk/joD2jtT07g8/s200/20120716_090434.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="200" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pellets being extruded from holes to be cut</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="150" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-g9FJ70o3Rec/UAQO2bzJ_oI/AAAAAAAABrk/Cdm2NnBCZzM/s200/20120716_085248.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="200" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">Pellets ready for loading onto trucks and<br />
shipping to consumers.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="150" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-M2-KH2F7ga0/UAQRpqFtzyI/AAAAAAAABs4/TQMUg8A0wi0/s200/20120716_090456.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="200" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">Pellets exiting the cutting process and<br />
ready for packaging</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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</div>Joe Thackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08314503086093754754noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8100503370984295695.post-42592638985472417922012-07-15T18:17:00.001-07:002012-07-15T18:17:18.294-07:00Cathedral State Park<a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-j1n4ys5GSqQ/UANaVzMM3mI/AAAAAAAABoI/nuU9YrI5-ww/s1600/20120715_200237.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-j1n4ys5GSqQ/UANaVzMM3mI/AAAAAAAABoI/nuU9YrI5-ww/s320/20120715_200237.jpg" width="240" /></a>We started our Tour de West Virginia today with a visit to Cathedral State Park in Aurora, West Virginia. Cathedral is one of only two virgin forests stands in West Virginia and is primarily made up of hemlock trees. <br />
<br />
<img height="240" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-YhOlKUBWwVg/UAMkAdq9kCI/AAAAAAAABdQ/EArglchwShg/s320/20120715_140432.jpg" style="background-color: white;" width="320" /><br />
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Cathedral State Park is in existence because Mr. Branson Haas decided to set aside a portion of his property as virgin forest for future generations to enjoy. He sold the property to the state in 1942.<br />
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When you think about a virgin forest, most people get a vision of the hundreds feet tall giant sequoias that you can drive a car through in California. That isn't what you will find at Cathedral. Hemlock's normally grow to 60-70 feet tall. Trees in this park are reported to exceed 90 feet tall. The sample trees we measured were more in the 60 foot range.<br />
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<a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-j0nwzZmI_GA/UAMyYVtmLpI/AAAAAAAABd4/3L5e-gf-ZPQ/s1600/20120715_140530.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-j0nwzZmI_GA/UAMyYVtmLpI/AAAAAAAABd4/3L5e-gf-ZPQ/s320/20120715_140530.jpg" width="240" /></a><img height="320" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-8RrpEvO5CIs/UAMyc92oeFI/AAAAAAAABeA/la5nHd5IoYo/s320/20120715_140600.jpg" width="240" />
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<a href="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-jueyLmCEpWc/UAMz2fQlPiI/AAAAAAAABfo/NhSY_t9INb8/s1600/20120715_142844.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-jueyLmCEpWc/UAMz2fQlPiI/AAAAAAAABfo/NhSY_t9INb8/s320/20120715_142844.jpg" width="320" /></a>This region is in an ideal habitat for the hemlock as they thrive in elevations above 2000 feet and this area varies from 2,460 to 2,620 feet. The thick tree canopy you can see above serves to strangle most all vegetation from the forest floor except mosses, ferns and fungus. Upon testing the soil on the forest floor using the LabQuest PH probe, we found the soil to be acidic with a PH of between 3.5 and 4.0. The hemlock likes to live in acidic soil and the tannins in its bark also add to the acidity. The hemlock is also known as Leather Bark because the tanning industry formerly used the hemlocks bark in the leather tanning process.<br />
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We calculated the board feet of a tree at N 39 degrees 14.593 minutes and W 079 degrees 32.213 minutes. We did this by measuring the diameter of the tree and entering it into our tables to figure the circumference and diameter. We then used our clinometer app to figure the height of the tree. From there we were able to determine the board feet available for lumber and the estimated value of the trees lumber. We determined our tree an a value of $4,610.00.<br />
<img height="150" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-Jzplj4tmgJs/UAM8ZEkDFjI/AAAAAAAABlA/1NGA6lza1e8/s200/20120715_153752.jpg" style="background-color: white;" width="200" /><img height="150" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-zMxzYwyTyss/UAM8uJ-Py2I/AAAAAAAABlI/kf9Vqc7Ktr8/s200/20120715_153855.jpg" style="background-color: white;" width="200" /><img height="200" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-iw1B48Edl1A/UAM9k3kynfI/AAAAAAAABlg/JIVi9BDdkxU/s200/20120715_155419.jpg" style="background-color: white;" width="150" /><br />
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The largest hemlock in the park, the centennial hemlock, was struck by lightning in 2004. Its 20 foot high stump remains. its diameter is in excess of five feet.<br />
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<br />Joe Thackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08314503086093754754noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8100503370984295695.post-46223035967700942582012-07-15T18:17:00.000-07:002012-07-15T18:17:07.580-07:00We begin.......<br />
We began our journey today with a trip to Cathedral State Park and then to Elkins to the Hampton Inn where we are basing for a few days. You will see in my upcoming posts our journey to explore West Virginia's forests and rail history.<div>
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<img height="240" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-Stjl-zrPF0o/UAM-6O2gVBI/AAAAAAAABmI/RNhlVBbegJg/s320/20120715_160848.jpg" width="320" /><img height="240" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-KCIEQXoMJDo/UAM_b3A1d-I/AAAAAAAABmg/xJVE9EpR9vs/s320/20120715_161217.jpg" width="320" />
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You will see over the next week that we are doing science and history!</div>
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Stay tuned and follow our journey of discovery.</div>
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To be continued.......</div>Joe Thackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08314503086093754754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8100503370984295695.post-52227961853345547842012-07-06T13:06:00.002-07:002012-07-23T07:08:18.369-07:00Water Quality Ritter Park-April 2012As discussed previously, we had a wonderful outing on April 21, 2012 at Ritter Park where we identified and measured trees and sampled the water quality in Four Pole Creek. Below you will find the data we collected:<br />
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 679px;"><colgroup><col style="mso-width-alt: 7277; mso-width-source: userset; width: 149pt;" width="199"></col>
<col span="4" style="mso-width-alt: 4388; mso-width-source: userset; width: 90pt;" width="120"></col>
</colgroup><tbody>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td class="xl63" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt; width: 149pt;" width="199">Water
Quality</td>
<td style="width: 90pt;" width="120"><br /></td>
<td style="width: 90pt;" width="120"><br /></td>
<td style="width: 90pt;" width="120"><br /></td>
<td style="width: 90pt;" width="120"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="34" style="height: 25.5pt;">
<td class="xl63" height="34" style="height: 25.5pt; width: 149pt;" width="199">Test</td>
<td class="xl63" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">Sample</td>
<td class="xl63" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">Q-Value (from charts)</td>
<td class="xl63" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">Weight</td>
<td class="xl63" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">Total Q-Value</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;"><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td class="xl63" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt; width: 149pt;" width="199">DO
(actual)</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">5.4</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td class="xl63" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt; width: 149pt;" width="199">Saturated
DO reading from chart</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">10.1</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td class="xl63" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt; width: 149pt;" width="199">DO (%
of saturation)</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">53.46534653</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">45</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">0.32</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">14.4</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td class="xl63" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt; width: 149pt;" width="199">Temperature
(Celcius)</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">14.3</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">30</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">0.19</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">5.7</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td class="xl63" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt; width: 149pt;" width="199">TDS
(actual)</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">142.7</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">78</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">0.13</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">10.14</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td class="xl63" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt; width: 149pt;" width="199">Turbidity
(actual)</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">22.1</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">61</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">0.15</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">9.15</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td class="xl63" height="17" style="height: 12.75pt; width: 149pt;" width="199">pH
(acutal)</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">7.4</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">95</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">0.21</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">19.95</td>
</tr>
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<td><br /></td>
<td class="xl63" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">Overall Quality</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="width: 90pt;" width="120">59.34</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
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The overall quality was 59.34 on 4/21/12. <span style="font-size: small;">This would be a a medium or average reading on the water quality scale. </span><span style="font-size: small;">Water
supplies achieving only an average rating generally have less diversity of aquatic organisms
and frequently have increased algae growth. </span>For water quality testing procedures you can click<a href="https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B_li3FDdUsfqNHk4WXBoT2V4Nms/edit#" target="_blank"> here</a>.<br />
<br />Joe Thackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08314503086093754754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8100503370984295695.post-20081177359285919492012-06-21T11:10:00.003-07:002012-06-21T11:10:56.721-07:00Vernier LabQuest PracticeI met with Brian McNeel and a few others at the BOE today to work on blogs and to practice water quality samples with the Vernier LabQuest.<br />
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This was my second time to work with the LabQuest and had not yet used my new probes. Brian and I worked to calibrate the sensors that needed to be calibrated and we sampled water from the Ohio River. After testing the pH, turbidity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and temperature we came to the conclusion that the water quality was sufficient to support life.<br />
<img height="150" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-2jsm3W2rnaU/T-NdCATcPeI/AAAAAAAABbY/fjfT6za0t00/s200/20120621_134049.jpg" width="200" />Joe Thackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08314503086093754754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8100503370984295695.post-45282794506960321222012-06-14T11:08:00.001-07:002012-06-14T11:21:02.378-07:00Heritage Station<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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I have something I have to admit. I have driven past Heritage Station and its number 10 train for years and never stopped to check it out. That changed recently when I visited the number 10 and<br />
the accompanying station.<br />
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What I found there was some of Huntington's history that both Mr. Casto and Mr. Withers spoke about when they visited our Forest and Rail Class in April. <br />
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Heritage Station began life as the B & O Railway Station. As you can see from the picture at right, it has a new life today as an eclectic mix of artisan shops and restaurants.<br />
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The number 10 was built by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) in 1924 at their Schenectady factory. It was originally build for the Toledo, Angola and Western Railroad. It has a 2-8-2 truck configuration.<br />
<a 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" 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" width="200" /></a>It was later purchased by the Elk River Coal and Lumber Company. <br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6B_63gXdHyk/T9oeWJ1qltI/AAAAAAAABTQ/46Ig0NqDy0M/s1600/20120418_155713.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6B_63gXdHyk/T9oeWJ1qltI/AAAAAAAABTQ/46Ig0NqDy0M/s200/20120418_155713.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<br />Joe Thackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08314503086093754754noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8100503370984295695.post-11487383700493624892012-05-25T15:46:00.003-07:002012-05-25T15:46:47.003-07:00Tree Identification 12: Eastern Redbud<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Eastern Redbud: Ceris canadensis</div>
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aka Judas Tree</div>
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This is a tree that I photographed the flowers in early March, when we began our Forest and Rail class. The flowers were beautiful and provided a welcomed display of color after the dull of winter. They have since given way to deep green leaves and pale green-brown pods. While the tree featured here is an urban transplant, this is a native species to our area and can be readily found on the sides of roads and forests.</div>
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The tree is a relative of the western Asian variety of Ceris siliquastrum or Judas Tree. This is the tree is believed to be the tree that Judas Iscariot hanged himself on after his betrayal of Jesus. The flowers which were originally white then turned red with shame or blood.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEig3dab9cmfo6Tcdj0_Dn8pCg9Yl3KfRtBP9IestIDpWEQ6-E5vM6Jx9LGSPTV47nf51cLYIbVKvViV0q3tVevpSY73pzS4keac6zEaPDCH2CLX0Lbr8Xxibm4SuIUKf1VqIMNXx_PNVI50/s1600/20120525_092839.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEig3dab9cmfo6Tcdj0_Dn8pCg9Yl3KfRtBP9IestIDpWEQ6-E5vM6Jx9LGSPTV47nf51cLYIbVKvViV0q3tVevpSY73pzS4keac6zEaPDCH2CLX0Lbr8Xxibm4SuIUKf1VqIMNXx_PNVI50/s320/20120525_092839.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">The fruit </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">are flattened, dry, brown, pea-</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">like pods, 2-4 inches long that contain flat, elliptical, brown seeds </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">¼ inch long, maturing in August to October.</span>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZmnmf_cXcRpgX55kgTEYpg3yDEMNAXK_hKBUvZE_lZrv5OMHg2KKwVtt6u68VJbFaUWfYZ6XdXw9IT489_cpLDeFnDmyZDKP4-Fw89mjDvDr6h1zgMhkdGq4yi3tqolzugd6w5ticYCTS/s1600/20120525_092913.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZmnmf_cXcRpgX55kgTEYpg3yDEMNAXK_hKBUvZE_lZrv5OMHg2KKwVtt6u68VJbFaUWfYZ6XdXw9IT489_cpLDeFnDmyZDKP4-Fw89mjDvDr6h1zgMhkdGq4yi3tqolzugd6w5ticYCTS/s320/20120525_092913.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Red brown, with deep fissures and scaly surface.</span> </td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhssuOhP3VqHgD8cgg1BOevaH62wa1cRMomEo_uYyuVc9XIfy4ZpVt5OOHUQgeL3uk4VqO7xBDxWTG6TgwD-EQLeqZtn4O1g2dmZXeSa3BKWnQKBztwFHgcyLJl1V8ktYPlsSw1-a1buWec/s1600/20120525_093359.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhssuOhP3VqHgD8cgg1BOevaH62wa1cRMomEo_uYyuVc9XIfy4ZpVt5OOHUQgeL3uk4VqO7xBDxWTG6TgwD-EQLeqZtn4O1g2dmZXeSa3BKWnQKBztwFHgcyLJl1V8ktYPlsSw1-a1buWec/s320/20120525_093359.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9VnpwGpCLOr3FvjrYi9wZ4qbcnlIzjv6IXs7tbS95sq3S65VcOgLP0RxOfUCsV2hBBzl4oQ1Y-i6b6fiIB45g_09dAnKHvplz5qJcfOMUtWP7TNgPd4OgMOmgovwSssK474ryaZIhQuMo/s1600/20120329_191032.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9VnpwGpCLOr3FvjrYi9wZ4qbcnlIzjv6IXs7tbS95sq3S65VcOgLP0RxOfUCsV2hBBzl4oQ1Y-i6b6fiIB45g_09dAnKHvplz5qJcfOMUtWP7TNgPd4OgMOmgovwSssK474ryaZIhQuMo/s320/20120329_191032.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The flowers appear in early spring before the leaves appear.</td></tr>
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<br />Joe Thackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08314503086093754754noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8100503370984295695.post-52991884071605929132012-05-24T11:37:00.000-07:002012-05-24T18:46:33.123-07:00Tree Identification 11: Eastern Redcedar<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Eastern Redcedar: Juniverus virginiana</div>
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This Eastern Redcedar is another tree in Ritter Park. It is approximately 50 feet tall and has an aromatic evergreen smell. Its trunk is a reddish brown/white color and appears to be devoid of bark. Its leaves are dark green, scalelike, not toothed. These trees can live extremely long lives with an Eastern Redcedar estimated to be 795 years old in Missouri.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1njdmovSv94QUiu9JhsnpmMzl9CQSH8u8MBWToAgiJaGuZTQ76kKmGRY_FmNjyHFxxjmqkWT3xoiu3oPyqpgy9Rzm4HXlUCFDzxbiDGZBX5ln0tmjO4G44j9a1tGxIIFW_DAH24bfa620/s1600/20120521_161340.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1njdmovSv94QUiu9JhsnpmMzl9CQSH8u8MBWToAgiJaGuZTQ76kKmGRY_FmNjyHFxxjmqkWT3xoiu3oPyqpgy9Rzm4HXlUCFDzxbiDGZBX5ln0tmjO4G44j9a1tGxIIFW_DAH24bfa620/s320/20120521_161340.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQ8zrT9uYtbh1fJBIuW_L_WU1E9NcOxzGtZk1PHmKUJxNxI3E22Ssq5cNnddqzdZ2XLsTuI6Z7to3v3yUHXJ-zOJLIP803JsoODqV6SVtZla7C61VPMoU-4z-zMTwQLIwu0AWVSAeNtrjp/s1600/20120521_161456.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQ8zrT9uYtbh1fJBIuW_L_WU1E9NcOxzGtZk1PHmKUJxNxI3E22Ssq5cNnddqzdZ2XLsTuI6Z7to3v3yUHXJ-zOJLIP803JsoODqV6SVtZla7C61VPMoU-4z-zMTwQLIwu0AWVSAeNtrjp/s320/20120521_161456.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The bark is reddish-brown, fibrous, and peels off in narrow strips.</td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-inOo4IISy89NSqyb_hB-BIaMnXhbxQcv0N0neAym7DqrTd_35L3Bj_7udGVt-i16jDxvnBlxfGMKjZZoagMnIn87ykvF5gHHHeGdmZRkWCzKVapjtqQu7GI8qyz9A9dAHrwMD-VQe-Op/s1600/20120521_161422.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-inOo4IISy89NSqyb_hB-BIaMnXhbxQcv0N0neAym7DqrTd_35L3Bj_7udGVt-i16jDxvnBlxfGMKjZZoagMnIn87ykvF5gHHHeGdmZRkWCzKVapjtqQu7GI8qyz9A9dAHrwMD-VQe-Op/s320/20120521_161422.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_iTUuScy4_8cM1GAJxd_HYJa5-hcAx_ILczRjCPBbSW9efHBwWfAPrydJxiyMeePEUnu-8smt2XRG_ipDhb8m9S7j6zsrVC65l31-RyHI935UpY21MorRBX1TRf4n66MHSATraCdbxLPq/s1600/20120521_165544.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_iTUuScy4_8cM1GAJxd_HYJa5-hcAx_ILczRjCPBbSW9efHBwWfAPrydJxiyMeePEUnu-8smt2XRG_ipDhb8m9S7j6zsrVC65l31-RyHI935UpY21MorRBX1TRf4n66MHSATraCdbxLPq/s320/20120521_165544.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />Joe Thackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08314503086093754754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8100503370984295695.post-40458455685596861392012-05-24T11:02:00.001-07:002012-05-24T11:02:41.851-07:00Tree Identification 10: Eastern White Pine<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Eastern White Pine: Pinus stobus</div>
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One of the things that has drawn me to tree identification is that it is challenging. Every time I think I know something or that identification will be easy, I dig deeper and find that there are many varieties of trees in the same family that have similar characteristics. The Eastern White Pine is no exception. I saw this tree in Huntington on my way to Ritter Park and thought there is a pine tree, that should be easy to identify. Upon referencing my National Audubon Society Field Guide I realized there are dozens of of varieties of pine trees. So much for just saying it is a pine tree!</div>
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The reason I immediately identified it as a pine tree was because of its long needles and somewhat Christmas Tree shape. What I discovered by closely examining the needles is that this particular variety has five needles bundled together. Most other varieties have 2-3 needs bundled together. As you can see from the picture below it was nearly impossible to get an up close picture of the trunk because of the numerous branches fingering from the trunk in a weaving pattern.</div>
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White pine has historically been a tree that has been cultivated and harvested for its lumber as it is soft wood and is easy to work and cut. The boards are normally knot free and are still used in plywood, paneling, flooring and lumber. It also has medicinal uses and its needles can be made into tea. The needles have more vitamin C that an equivalent weight of lemon and the cambium is a source of resveratrol, a naturally occurring chemical compound with probable health benefits.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi56zvhO_RKxvRjCvawqMuAL39TL_H-8Qd53sm8dvzHskjSYBqpgxZ0w1YCXzGCFbnZIHci6SBYc_qY0IpNx5STXJbFcysviDLjpWUK0mjvKZYNd7gpfFr8x_SeS1E3iHyVnneMTsWYx0Hd/s1600/20120521_160522.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi56zvhO_RKxvRjCvawqMuAL39TL_H-8Qd53sm8dvzHskjSYBqpgxZ0w1YCXzGCFbnZIHci6SBYc_qY0IpNx5STXJbFcysviDLjpWUK0mjvKZYNd7gpfFr8x_SeS1E3iHyVnneMTsWYx0Hd/s320/20120521_160522.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Flexible, bluish-green, finely serrated needles in bundles of 5.</td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGYUlLsDP8coFs1b29HX2qVM6gMA-buzrivaKZcfF6xozzl_3aznrZ6S1GP0fZOYif2YOcXY4G4IC1hJxfyv1R9D2BU933NaI77i0gXRS9yELFj40fHkjqfD6Ke2INrpUqHAdZiVMZsjFY/s1600/20120521_160538.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGYUlLsDP8coFs1b29HX2qVM6gMA-buzrivaKZcfF6xozzl_3aznrZ6S1GP0fZOYif2YOcXY4G4IC1hJxfyv1R9D2BU933NaI77i0gXRS9yELFj40fHkjqfD6Ke2INrpUqHAdZiVMZsjFY/s320/20120521_160538.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlJe0agMd0MbynP-yBlYRqjllhh3ZD0cfUpj0NmcNXEstJVZhfZ0rClRHkyo4ZKlBpejLKHjZT9JH_05g8JGxXJj2NJXOsAfCyeWifhUzDFmv143bV32KeygTETLYAuI4h4EeoEaYRDSHo/s1600/20120521_160443.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlJe0agMd0MbynP-yBlYRqjllhh3ZD0cfUpj0NmcNXEstJVZhfZ0rClRHkyo4ZKlBpejLKHjZT9JH_05g8JGxXJj2NJXOsAfCyeWifhUzDFmv143bV32KeygTETLYAuI4h4EeoEaYRDSHo/s320/20120521_160443.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8vRTYB5LpDgqmtUYQBxwj8PzvnUJ_nCdSYxO_XrLvUhYQh7d_d4rXwxUg73dGCPW73vbdz6XDfymWnUvftnVIDF-D2osZoZkuAS6ynbO3Ywvdox_IJhwi5YQ-rQN5nAVcJVi5auIp0x2X/s1600/20120521_165601.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8vRTYB5LpDgqmtUYQBxwj8PzvnUJ_nCdSYxO_XrLvUhYQh7d_d4rXwxUg73dGCPW73vbdz6XDfymWnUvftnVIDF-D2osZoZkuAS6ynbO3Ywvdox_IJhwi5YQ-rQN5nAVcJVi5auIp0x2X/s320/20120521_165601.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />Joe Thackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08314503086093754754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8100503370984295695.post-76346082703322893432012-05-24T07:50:00.002-07:002012-05-24T07:50:58.394-07:00Tree Identification 9: Southern Catalpa<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Southen Catalpa (aka Cigar Tree and Indian Bean Tree): Catalpa bignonioides</div>
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My first encounter with the Catlapa or Cigar Tree was our trip to Ritter Park in April. There Steve Beckelhimer showed the class two examples in the park and explained they get their Cigar Tree nickname from the 6-10" bean-like pods that were readily evident then. I was unable to visualize or photograph any of the beans at this date. The leaves of the Catalpa are large and heart shaped. The tree produces 2-2 1/4" white flowers in June and July, after its leaves have reached maturity.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZOBgVeLq8CT34iRgH_IQFe1L_rggz8jyQ9Rx1ChoujXAQQD-U2W2wxzXanLRQf9LOta4CmyHWpKYzZRWq035RIYStiuhykfA8ktDFhaB1j2-35QmkbXAYpfKKd5vUiEwFD4NlkFbtpzI8/s1600/20120521_161830.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZOBgVeLq8CT34iRgH_IQFe1L_rggz8jyQ9Rx1ChoujXAQQD-U2W2wxzXanLRQf9LOta4CmyHWpKYzZRWq035RIYStiuhykfA8ktDFhaB1j2-35QmkbXAYpfKKd5vUiEwFD4NlkFbtpzI8/s320/20120521_161830.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> Large, heart-shaped to three-lobed leaves, showy white or yellow flowers ain broad panicles</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixB1yggMeCO1gEfBaISS__B0Egw1Wj9Y0WlWF2-JvxEDWAPeFq0vOyKxKZo1Ssiu6oC1jOEmNbj15Z8QUwXlnSqpQ8PM_Aw6W334mmzcJkVMTTfDnp4zHL2djw7OtR0m5sQysHdRknDGM7/s1600/20120521_161817.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixB1yggMeCO1gEfBaISS__B0Egw1Wj9Y0WlWF2-JvxEDWAPeFq0vOyKxKZo1Ssiu6oC1jOEmNbj15Z8QUwXlnSqpQ8PM_Aw6W334mmzcJkVMTTfDnp4zHL2djw7OtR0m5sQysHdRknDGM7/s320/20120521_161817.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bark: Light brown tinged with red</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMnUz5QcdOdu97M0Hyeov4Rw0OON9LZynSAHiO8jyE8dDddSyT9rwcEqkAVfjeFD6Bqz_UrjGC-GCVBqRecHH0HM9jrjO7NnzWor0JYmtQQuI2Ws4GI3hhThI2iBbU6qZgYt7qhjND6ENo/s1600/20120521_161809.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMnUz5QcdOdu97M0Hyeov4Rw0OON9LZynSAHiO8jyE8dDddSyT9rwcEqkAVfjeFD6Bqz_UrjGC-GCVBqRecHH0HM9jrjO7NnzWor0JYmtQQuI2Ws4GI3hhThI2iBbU6qZgYt7qhjND6ENo/s320/20120521_161809.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Due to their large leaf size, catalpas provide very dark shade and are a popular habitat for many birds, providing them good shelter from rain and wind.</td></tr>
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<br />Joe Thackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08314503086093754754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8100503370984295695.post-27462133859455165892012-05-21T12:35:00.000-07:002012-05-21T12:35:31.981-07:00Tree Identification 8: Silver Maple<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Silver Maple: Acer saccharinum</div>
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One of the things that I have discovered, now that I am aware that not all trees are the same or created equal, is that there are a lot of trees out there that are in the Maple or Acer family. While some are easily identifiable, others are cross bred designer trees with colors and leaf patterns not readily found in nature. In exploring my world around Enslow, I have found Maple varieties to be rather ubiquitous. The Silver Maple identified here tends to be a leading contender along with the Sugar Maple previously identified for tree king or queen in the Highlawn neighborhood.</div>
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The Silver Maple is similar to the Sugar Maple that was previously identified in many ways. But, there are several differences between the Silver and Sugar Maple. One would be the silver coloring on the back of the leaves and that the overall size of the Silver is larger (3-5 inches on the Sugar as opposed to 5-7 inches on the Silver). The Silver Maple also has less sap sugar than the Sugar Maple. Although it grows in the same regions as the Sugar Maple, its sap isn't commercially tapped for this reason. The tree also has a shorter life expectancy than the Sugar Maple. The Sugar Maple's life expectancy is over 200 years, whereas the Silver Maple's life expectancy is around 130-140 years.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYQuZ3yX9B_jCQItwMM1uelPjXiZKu1UPGkCtNlF1EsMiDCttlpNd6DJm1WX19auHQCt-M9J7l86a-z8UJ_pU9xePLIqMfVPIoDR4xZsO-MJHsCXmt_ka4bSzMDKejxwxqsfookxINzIDc/s1600/20120521_125843.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYQuZ3yX9B_jCQItwMM1uelPjXiZKu1UPGkCtNlF1EsMiDCttlpNd6DJm1WX19auHQCt-M9J7l86a-z8UJ_pU9xePLIqMfVPIoDR4xZsO-MJHsCXmt_ka4bSzMDKejxwxqsfookxINzIDc/s320/20120521_125843.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLvMjq12OmGugu0jGJrf57xoRo_vQhKypZRTmDzyPZyQlhODk3EHIS7wirBiKy3J7eb7mqoM5bjqMrQC8dNHCzp_NAYlPHaeKmc3zq72JYrKZhZB4xjfqj1ExX7ou8rCFY5t1Zgckk_yYF/s1600/20120521_125942.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLvMjq12OmGugu0jGJrf57xoRo_vQhKypZRTmDzyPZyQlhODk3EHIS7wirBiKy3J7eb7mqoM5bjqMrQC8dNHCzp_NAYlPHaeKmc3zq72JYrKZhZB4xjfqj1ExX7ou8rCFY5t1Zgckk_yYF/s320/20120521_125942.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Silvery gray on young trees breaking into long thin scaly plates that give the trunks of older trees a very shaggy appearance. Considerable red is seen in bark pattern as scales develop.</td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3xetSpsRcJYXHuO5GJDLBEWGDxaoYcLFPg0LVu-hgxh2DZ_iQW6zE0wPFgzPMpKRfBE4DKRG-Cdyof5jKtd_fVw_0IGzQoiVPaXDELrJV8EkG8UKA6f7gtaTF3A_RZa0IKaX5hjOU3Jiq/s1600/20120521_130052.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3xetSpsRcJYXHuO5GJDLBEWGDxaoYcLFPg0LVu-hgxh2DZ_iQW6zE0wPFgzPMpKRfBE4DKRG-Cdyof5jKtd_fVw_0IGzQoiVPaXDELrJV8EkG8UKA6f7gtaTF3A_RZa0IKaX5hjOU3Jiq/s320/20120521_130052.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU8nWDrOGHfUJWSwK4x_dXIxa4oeY88H9wJCxUPDPtzFbYP-A2jL1EjAROuoZp9CUTzrnaexu1VoDJSmaRm9I3027wxfSbYckTeYll8H8RKpsPeikTC9qKwfY0s8fF2tloBNPIzxHeu_pz/s1600/20120521_141209.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU8nWDrOGHfUJWSwK4x_dXIxa4oeY88H9wJCxUPDPtzFbYP-A2jL1EjAROuoZp9CUTzrnaexu1VoDJSmaRm9I3027wxfSbYckTeYll8H8RKpsPeikTC9qKwfY0s8fF2tloBNPIzxHeu_pz/s320/20120521_141209.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">5-7 inches wide; deeply clefted; 5-lobed with the sides of the terminal lobe diverging toward the tip; light green upper surface and a silvery white underside; leaf margin with fine teeth (but not the inner edges of the sinuses). </td></tr>
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<br />Joe Thackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08314503086093754754noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8100503370984295695.post-4836780180430698732012-05-21T08:27:00.003-07:002012-05-21T08:27:39.159-07:00Tree Identification 7: Sugar Maple<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Sugar Maple: Acer saccharum</div>
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In continuing my spotlight on the trees fronting Enslow Middle School and Collis Avenue, I am showing the Sugar Maple. Again, seven of the nine trees in front of the school are maples, the other two are Pin Oaks. These too are aged the same as the school from the late nineteen teens (the school was opened in 1917). </div>
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The leaves are five lobed and bright green on the surface with lighter green undersides. The bark is grey with long vertical fissures. The trees are prized for their sap because of its high sugar content. The sap is collected and boiled down into maple syrup. I can say I am a big fan of the real stuff. Maple syrup is definitely superior in taste to the artificially flavored corn syrup alternative.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEBjuGo9Qu8YJS0OxE0aNxAXcAUmLm_PUGP6upH92ZAGmIwPdUkl8LKksTraL6kFjmUTKgZJOnm2jZDrwfaVTL4BvZrUNf8XFnuZCuNWk9BPi57bN_cIzxV-phTGy6xdKhiZKHayQe-eEB/s1600/20120518_141700.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEBjuGo9Qu8YJS0OxE0aNxAXcAUmLm_PUGP6upH92ZAGmIwPdUkl8LKksTraL6kFjmUTKgZJOnm2jZDrwfaVTL4BvZrUNf8XFnuZCuNWk9BPi57bN_cIzxV-phTGy6xdKhiZKHayQe-eEB/s320/20120518_141700.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Most of the trees exceeds forty feet in height</td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1viARkP1Gr6HqHOTesL2AeJjBoYmL_EV5V2chQ7h23U18ehKjz5SSO2pnkzS7XfwwzJwVh4t-XX_TvPTHG3SHtDPHGZE6bE9m4_13MdQzC_nVgndDbnEVQ0vgzySi74LLz4Ii4Cg4qmbs/s1600/20120518_141835.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1viARkP1Gr6HqHOTesL2AeJjBoYmL_EV5V2chQ7h23U18ehKjz5SSO2pnkzS7XfwwzJwVh4t-XX_TvPTHG3SHtDPHGZE6bE9m4_13MdQzC_nVgndDbnEVQ0vgzySi74LLz4Ii4Cg4qmbs/s320/20120518_141835.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-G_gHVihH01Ka_MDxWQSMRSgQMFNORUwIMmorDh2Wba_4q5l3uWt9Gr16n724fuCcAi-dpRjC_2dSDJtjtsiQCC1tfpD61tLGNlL_Z_vVmQZBfMfPmkiiyptWVQLXviekDzmmJZPSBGnM/s1600/20120518_141851.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-G_gHVihH01Ka_MDxWQSMRSgQMFNORUwIMmorDh2Wba_4q5l3uWt9Gr16n724fuCcAi-dpRjC_2dSDJtjtsiQCC1tfpD61tLGNlL_Z_vVmQZBfMfPmkiiyptWVQLXviekDzmmJZPSBGnM/s320/20120518_141851.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Furrows and long, irregular, thick vertical plates that appear to peal from the trunk in a vertical direction. </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8A2-DnQhyNOLajiycQODh3utACr5fY-O99jP0G_UOu3nLASkzEaF8E-Ec0ELyL-tQwymuFS-eboPo6aYjg3DCR4UBIJUU7DmRdVVqMHGkJ9RVgz9qTZ5W7IzChS44tv1oX0f4dHVRpyAL/s1600/20120518_142509.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8A2-DnQhyNOLajiycQODh3utACr5fY-O99jP0G_UOu3nLASkzEaF8E-Ec0ELyL-tQwymuFS-eboPo6aYjg3DCR4UBIJUU7DmRdVVqMHGkJ9RVgz9qTZ5W7IzChS44tv1oX0f4dHVRpyAL/s320/20120518_142509.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">3-5 inches wide; 5 lobed bright green upper surface and a paler green lower surface; leaf margin without fine teeth </td></tr>
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<br />Joe Thackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08314503086093754754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8100503370984295695.post-18842143087974988412012-05-21T07:32:00.001-07:002012-05-21T08:29:22.778-07:00Tree Identification 6: Pin Oak<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Pin Oak: Quercus palustris<span style="color: white;"> </span></div>
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One of the many jewels that we have at Enslow Middle School is a row of maple and oak trees in front of our school, lining Collis Avenue (names for Collis P. Huntington). There are nine trees total, seven maple and two oak that provide a solid canopy of vibrant green leaves to shade the front of the school on its north face. All of these trees are mature and their age rivals that of the school's 1917 beginnings. I have been told there are photos of the school with these trees as saplings, but I'm still trying to uncover those treasures. I will try to supply a comparative photo if possible.</div>
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The leaves' lobes alternate, are simple, 3 to 6 inches long, oval in outline with 5 to 9 bristle-tipped lobes and irregularly deep sinuses that extend nearly to the midrib. Major lobes form a U-shape. They are bright green above and pale below. Oaks are hardwood trees, but generally are not considered for high quality products because of numerous small knots through its wood. Pin Oaks produce acorns in the fall that are a vital part of mallards and wood duck's diet as they migrate during the fall.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKqj3yG0KOu561RagKZeFHd6kMWLY7Hl0z3rgVGXSL2pnqH3JIjFncUgC-XRsKggOZ9dfgTjnq2WwNM5DziU8NdIJt35xTZJidJ8I6t_9c3Omxc5kUEAdqwNCFiBgjblOaWPhCuk6KiHtq/s1600/20120518_142132.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKqj3yG0KOu561RagKZeFHd6kMWLY7Hl0z3rgVGXSL2pnqH3JIjFncUgC-XRsKggOZ9dfgTjnq2WwNM5DziU8NdIJt35xTZJidJ8I6t_9c3Omxc5kUEAdqwNCFiBgjblOaWPhCuk6KiHtq/s320/20120518_142132.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the tree across Collis Avenue</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgztDT81kAYb4vxjAXMAe_HvTNKoEvwDtTn6Nhfkr1CoWiJHZvpw19JP1uHvTVFGwQv8fUVQG7ADFKLP-mlyx0JYl4swSYXqglKDg1HrcnGWSdzLEU2f7WIf-n4nja_rYgrSBelWzjohKQx/s1600/20120518_142103.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgztDT81kAYb4vxjAXMAe_HvTNKoEvwDtTn6Nhfkr1CoWiJHZvpw19JP1uHvTVFGwQv8fUVQG7ADFKLP-mlyx0JYl4swSYXqglKDg1HrcnGWSdzLEU2f7WIf-n4nja_rYgrSBelWzjohKQx/s320/20120518_142103.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The trunk is 12' round at chest height and is approximately 20' tall. The canopy easily doubles the height of the tree.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8mdp7NtDqujUl9tHs_fOCYp1dUH5cjbUN53YDjPWguiPHla7u2CLtfHxvFzbZe_7TIc4qWYsrCFjY7e8sDPHRl2aKN70xV5boH8Q2wEy2e4oDIC0t-RS1KwE7KNPMofuXXnk0f3L0_1H4/s1600/20120518_141851.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8mdp7NtDqujUl9tHs_fOCYp1dUH5cjbUN53YDjPWguiPHla7u2CLtfHxvFzbZe_7TIc4qWYsrCFjY7e8sDPHRl2aKN70xV5boH8Q2wEy2e4oDIC0t-RS1KwE7KNPMofuXXnk0f3L0_1H4/s320/20120518_141851.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gray- fissured bark</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2ny5Hehy8rnPcFm-mI4F1fTJLn0VifNk7LJ9TJnYkrvasbQFOcEYVQ-610jSJaY-gP-rYXO6G6tEKNQ3ObT3bpl13rK25YcC88-DR6uLqLNk_uNexWNl9mOUt3CrrXQ6V7vS_uK_j6TAL/s1600/20120518_142555.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2ny5Hehy8rnPcFm-mI4F1fTJLn0VifNk7LJ9TJnYkrvasbQFOcEYVQ-610jSJaY-gP-rYXO6G6tEKNQ3ObT3bpl13rK25YcC88-DR6uLqLNk_uNexWNl9mOUt3CrrXQ6V7vS_uK_j6TAL/s320/20120518_142555.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The leaves have at lest five lobes and reddish-brown stems.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyeDxquVhgbroHdKJIJfDrzIMild9pgmbm2jHAVwHntbQNyYdkUHBCBduWV9aHftOoKDfIkpi_A4AS62p9Hjjs8Jf0nydumR3_KMhHmKXnerjg9BU6e-4Zro044MkzM2Nw7xWItBWFegmO/s1600/20120521_100117.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyeDxquVhgbroHdKJIJfDrzIMild9pgmbm2jHAVwHntbQNyYdkUHBCBduWV9aHftOoKDfIkpi_A4AS62p9Hjjs8Jf0nydumR3_KMhHmKXnerjg9BU6e-4Zro044MkzM2Nw7xWItBWFegmO/s320/20120521_100117.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pin oak is the second tree in the row. A maple tree in the foreground.</td></tr>
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<br />Joe Thackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08314503086093754754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8100503370984295695.post-40796947114060899912012-05-18T10:33:00.000-07:002012-05-18T10:33:40.818-07:00Harpers Ferry West Virginia<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
I traveled to Washington, D.C. and Harpers Ferry, West Virginia this week with a group of 8th grade students from Enslow. We had a great time in D.C. and got to experience some of West Virginia's history in Harpers Ferry. Harpers Ferry figures most prominently in U.S. and West Virginia's history because of the abolitionist John Brown's take over of the federal arsenal and armory. Brown attempted to create a free black state with the weapons obtained from the arsenal, but his revolution was put down by the U.S. Army, led by Lt. Col. Robert E. Lee. </div>
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Harpers Ferrys' rail history begins with the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal reaching it in 1833 and Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road reaching it in 1834. The C & O Canal connected Harpers Ferry with Washington, D. C. Because of it's location at the confluence of the Shenandoah and Potomac Rivers it was an early starting point for explorers heading west. Today it is the western boundary of West Virginia where it meets Virginia and Maryland.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYLPOe6FmXbDFZWoucORZWRtDINlFBianXpfjAXXTZrGKjJwFl-8WdwSBUtMnx4b658rIVgXTOyXErQFOS9BjsHybkirrmuR52_TqYraK6u6pEZZf8-mVQ-q-0GjO_Cn8HBnaHFdagQNAI/s1600/20120515_105337.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYLPOe6FmXbDFZWoucORZWRtDINlFBianXpfjAXXTZrGKjJwFl-8WdwSBUtMnx4b658rIVgXTOyXErQFOS9BjsHybkirrmuR52_TqYraK6u6pEZZf8-mVQ-q-0GjO_Cn8HBnaHFdagQNAI/s320/20120515_105337.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The train station as it appears today. Despite its dilapidated appearance, it is still a working Amtrak station.</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">View looking from the train station across the Potomac River into Maryland</td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjX4oJZklzunMIR7ISIDwGLddM5O_mi4vKQhAdFX7rxFypWKmwwjhdozphXmiEUa3FZWn6mk7_fziFHwAoRerwVpFK7x0MooaTelZQiNjINFF4m_a4we2_8mdOWipIhUaZnCYADMQV_4Fao/s1600/20120515_105351.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjX4oJZklzunMIR7ISIDwGLddM5O_mi4vKQhAdFX7rxFypWKmwwjhdozphXmiEUa3FZWn6mk7_fziFHwAoRerwVpFK7x0MooaTelZQiNjINFF4m_a4we2_8mdOWipIhUaZnCYADMQV_4Fao/s320/20120515_105351.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">View of the bridge crossing the Potomac River from Jefferson Rock</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Engine House- Site of John Brown's Fort</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Steeple of St.Peter's Roman Catholic Church</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Picturesque view Thomas Jefferson had looking across the Shenandoah into Virginia.</td></tr>
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<br />Joe Thackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08314503086093754754noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8100503370984295695.post-28881150322736869842012-05-11T10:44:00.000-07:002012-05-11T10:57:44.417-07:00Tree Identification 5: Red Mulberry<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Red Mulberry: Morus rubra</div>
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This week has been a challenging week here at EMS. In the mornings we have the West Test 2 and in the afternoon we have three hours to engage our students in non-curricular activities. One of the highlights of the afternoon was a trip to McClellan Park in Huntington with our 8th grade class. We enjoyed an afternoon on hoops, tennis, Frisbee, sunbathing and good conversation. </div>
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When I first got to the park a tree growing on the side of the hill caught my eye. It had berries that are various shades of red and dark green leaves. One of my students told me that the berries taste best when they are a purplish-blue color. She ate a dark red berry and said it tasted good! I asked her what kind of tree it was and she responded "a berry tree!" While this would be a sufficient description prior to my Forest and Rail class, it is no longer satisfactory.</div>
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My research into the Audubon Society's Field Guide to Trees let me to identifying the tree as a Red Mulberry. It states that the berries are sweet and juicy and thankfully edible (the young lady came to school today and appeared no worse for the wear).</div>
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<br />Joe Thackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08314503086093754754noreply@blogger.com3